Light and matter united: manipulating light in a bose-einstein condensate

kristin xp · 03-20-2007, 04:43 PM

http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/...08/99-hau.html

so complicated!

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HARVARD GAZETTE ARCHIVES

Lene Hau
Lene Hau explains how she stops light in one place then retrieves and speeds it up in a completely separate place.
Staff photo Justin Ide/Harvard News Office
Light and matter united
Opens the way to new computers and communication systems
By William J. Cromie
Harvard News Office

Lene Hau has already shaken scientists' beliefs about the nature of things. Albert Einstein and just about every other physicist insisted that light travels 186,000 miles a second in free space, and that it can't be speeded-up or slowed down. But in 1998, Hau, for the first time in history, slowed light to 38 miles an hour, about the speed of rush-hour traffic.

• Video: Light and matter (2007) (1:52)

• Video: Light stopper (2001) (2:52)

• More multimedia

Two years later, she brought light to a complete halt in a cloud of ultracold atoms. Next, she restarted the stalled light without changing any of its characteristics, and sent it on its way. These highly successful experiments brought her a tenured professorship at Harvard University and a $500,000 MacArthur Foundation award to spend as she pleased.

Now Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and of Applied Physics, Hau has done it again. She and her team made a light pulse disappear from one cold cloud then retrieved it from another cloud nearby. In the process, light was converted into matter then back into light. For the first time in history, this gives science a way to control light with matter and vice versa.

It's a thing that most scientists never thought was possible. Some colleagues had asked Hau, "Why try that experiment? It can't be done."

In the experiment, a light pulse was slowed to bicycle speed by beaming it into a cold cloud of atoms. The light made a "fingerprint" of itself in the atoms before the experimenters turned it off. Then Hau and her assistants guided that fingerprint into a second clump of cold atoms. And get this - the clumps were not touching and no light passed between them.

"The two atom clouds were separated and had never seen each other before," Hau notes. They were eight-thousandths of an inch apart, a relatively huge distance on the scale of atoms.

The experimenters then nudged the second cloud of atoms with a laser beam, and the atomic imprint was revived as a light pulse. The revived light had all the characteristics present when it entered the first cloud of atomic matter, the same shape and wavelength. The restored light exited the cloud slowly then quickly sped up to its normal 186,000 miles a second.
Communicating by light

Light carries information, so think of information being manipulated in ways that have never before been possible. That information can be stored - put on a shelf, so to speak - retrieved at will, and converted back to light. The retrieved light would contain the same information as the original light, without so much as a period being lost.

Or the information could be changed. "The light waves can be sculpted," is the way Hau puts it. "Then it can be passed on. We have already observed such re-sculpted light in our lab."

A weird thing happens to the light as it enters the cold atomic cloud, called a Bose-Einstein condensate. It becomes squeezed into a space 50 million times smaller. Imagine a light beam 3,200 feet (one kilometer) long, loaded with information, that now is only a hair width in length but still encodes as much information.

From there it becomes easier to imagine new types of computers and communications systems - smaller, faster, more reliable, and tamper-proof.

Atoms at room temperature move in a random, chaotic way. But when chilled in a vacuum to about 460 degrees below zero Fahrenheit, under certain conditions millions of atoms lock together and behave as a single mass. When a laser beam enters such a condensate, the light leaves an imprint on a portion of the atoms. That imprint moves like a wave through the cloud and exits at a speed of about 700 feet per hour. This wave of matter will keep going and enter another nearby ultracold condensate. That's how light moves darkly from one cloud to another in Hau's laboratory.

This invisible wave of matter keeps going unless it's stopped in the second cloud with another laser beam, after which it can be revived as light again.

Atoms in matter waves exist in slightly different energy levels and states than atoms in the clouds they move through. These energy states match the shape and phase of the original light pulse. To make a long story short, information in this form can be made absolutely tamper proof. Personal information would be perfectly safe.

Such a light-to-matter, matter-to-light system "is a wonderful thing to wrap your brain around," Hau muses.

Details of the experiments appear as the cover story of the Feb. 8 issue of Nature. Authors of the report ******* graduate student Naomi Ginsberg, postdoctoral fellow Sean Garner, and Hau.
In a practical manner

You won't see a light-matter converter flashing away in a factory, business, or mall anytime soon. Despite all the intriguing possibilities, "there are no immediate practical uses," Hau admits.

However, she has no doubt that practical systems will come. And when they do, they will look completely different from anything we are familiar with today. They won't need a lot of wires and electronics. "Instead of light shining through optical fibers into boxes full of wires and semiconductor chips, intact data, messages, and images will be read directly from the light," Hau imagines.

Creating those ultracold atomic clouds in a factory, office, or recreation room will be a problem, but one she believes can be solved. "The atomic clouds we use in our lab are only a tenth of a millimeter (0.004 inch) long," she points out. "Such atom clouds can be kept in small containers, not all of the equipment has to be so cold. Most likely, a practical system designed by engineers will look totally unlike the setup we have in our lab today."

There are no "maybes" in Hau's voice. She is coolly confident that light-to-matter communication networks, codes, clocks, and guidance systems can be made part of daily life. If you doubt her, remember she is the person who stopped light, converted it to matter, carried it around, and transformed it back to light.

Copyright 2007 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

wHATcOLOR · 03-20-2007, 04:49 PM

go ahead and model your boarding style after bluestar, that sounds like a winning strategy you motherfucker

kristin xp · 03-20-2007, 04:50 PM

dean_r_koontz · 03-20-2007, 04:52 PM

light could already "control" matter through the photoelectric effect, or am i wrong physics guys?

kristin xp · 03-20-2007, 04:53 PM

well i didn't know anything about it so i thought i'd post it here and get ridiculed

dean_r_koontz · 03-20-2007, 04:53 PM

and other mechanisms as well. i don't get that part.

dean_r_koontz · 03-20-2007, 04:55 PM

the slow down thing, is that the actual photon moving slower? that's pretty interesting. either way, it's hard to know if these things can actually be used in practice, the atoms probably have to be super cold to create that bose-einstein effect thing and how could you produce that in a clock? i don't know. are there any physics guys here?

GlasgowKiss · 03-20-2007, 04:56 PM

Kristin, in that article by free space do they mean vacuum or what?

diplodocus · 03-20-2007, 05:03 PM

is this your way of telling us you like....read books and stuff.

yo soy el mejor · 03-20-2007, 05:11 PM

i hate how it's necessary that these articles always end with these wild unlikely "practical" applications that prove theres going to be some immediate whopping payoff and that whatever work was done wasnt science for science's sake. is this to avoid setting their work at odds with the fragile identities of businessmen and leaders who are naturally morons? or are the scientists like this seeking some kind of rockstar attention from those who couldnt wrap their brains around the actual significance of whatever discovery?

kristin xp · 03-20-2007, 05:12 PM

i think they mean regular air? since they are talking about atom clouds maybe they're talking about regular space without the vaccum...? vaccums are really hard to create!

wHATcOLOR · 03-20-2007, 05:14 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by kristin xp

vaccums are really hard to create!

well then please send a big congratulations from me to your parents for their accomplishment

kristin xp · 03-20-2007, 05:15 PM

wow you're really tenacious today jesse. someone scuff your pumas?

wHATcOLOR · 03-20-2007, 05:17 PM

im not wearing pumas

dean_r_koontz · 03-20-2007, 05:18 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by kristin xp

i think they mean regular air? since they are talking about atom clouds maybe they're talking about regular space without the vaccum...? vaccums are really hard to create!

they probably mean vacuum, it's not that difficult to create i think. these people will surely have the means to create it.

kristin xp · 03-20-2007, 05:19 PM

that was a chris rock reference.

dean_r_koontz · 03-20-2007, 05:19 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by wHATcOLOR

well then please send a big congratulations from me to your parents for their accomplishment

threads like these should be encouraged, whine in sport threads or baking threads instead you big fruitcake.

kristin xp · 03-20-2007, 05:20 PM

the funny thing is, jesse IS the type of guy that would go to jail or get in a fight over someone scuffing his shoes. in fact, i think he made a thread about it on here waaaay back when.

wHATcOLOR · 03-20-2007, 05:23 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by dean_r_koontz

threads like these should be encouraged, whine in sport threads or baking threads instead you big fruitcake.

for starters im not whining, secondly i did nothing to discourage threads containing this type of subject matter, and thirdly, i don't think that girl will quit lessons at the dojo because you described her as ambitious and that makes me think she's less likely to just quit over something little like seeing someone from her past who probably meant very little

wHATcOLOR · 03-20-2007, 05:26 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by kristin xp

the funny thing is, jesse IS the type of guy that would go to jail or get in a fight over someone scuffing his shoes. in fact, i think he made a thread about it on here waaaay back when.

yeah, i did talk about getting into an arguement when someone purposely scuffed my shoes back in 2004. to take that and turn it into a statement as bold as "he is the type of guy that would to go jail over someone scuffing his shoes" is just the type of ridiculous thing that is no longer surprising when coming from you

dean_r_koontz · 03-20-2007, 05:29 PM

1+2) you are whining (or critisizing her, the choice of wording doesn't matter much to me, i'm not crazy, like other people here) about kristin xp's stupidity, ie giving negative signals in this thread, discouraging her to post more of the same.
3) she's also a very sensitive person, i tried to have sex with her best friend once and it didn't work out and of course she heard about it and she knows i know she heard about it so it gets awkward and she is a sensitive flower and might not know how to treat me. ignore me? too rough, perhaps best to stay away alltogether. we're not like you, we are human beings. sensitive. ah physics.

dean_r_koontz · 03-20-2007, 05:30 PM

grr women makes me angry because they don't want to be my slaves. is that a problem you have as well whatcolor?

kristin xp · 03-20-2007, 05:31 PM

kristin xp · 03-20-2007, 05:32 PM

really i was hoping someone like devious J could come in here and draw out a diagram or a picture of how exactly this could have been set up in the lab.
how are clouds of atoms that controllable! mind boggling!

GlasgowKiss · 03-20-2007, 05:43 PM

Ok free space is perfect vacuum.

yo soy el mejor · 03-20-2007, 05:47 PM

theres a dopey animation on her web page http://www.deas.harvard.edu/haulab/s...ival_movie.htm

it doesnt really do much more than give a feel for what it will be like if you ever attend a lecture on the experiment and sleep through it all except the part where they break it down to "you understand basketball right? well its sort of like a game of basketball" terms

Rockin' Cherub · 03-20-2007, 05:48 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by kristin xp

i think they mean regular air? since they are talking about atom clouds maybe they're talking about regular space without the vaccum...? vaccums are really hard to create!

what? shut up

wHATcOLOR · 03-20-2007, 05:50 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by dean_r_koontz

1+2) you are whining (or critisizing her, the choice of wording doesn't matter much to me, i'm not crazy, like other people here) about kristin xp's stupidity, ie giving negative signals in this thread, discouraging her to post more of the same.
3) she's also a very sensitive person, i tried to have sex with her best friend once and it didn't work out and of course she heard about it and she knows i know she heard about it so it gets awkward and she is a sensitive flower and might not know how to treat me. ignore me? too rough, perhaps best to stay away alltogether. we're not like you, we are human beings. sensitive. ah physics.

1,2) ok well the problem is that you said "threads like this should be encouraged" not "threads like this from only kristinxp should be encouraged". me getting on her case doesn't really discourage people from posting about similar topics

3.) who cares

dean_r_koontz · 03-20-2007, 05:59 PM

ahaha, the 3) really shows what a dolt you are. you bring up the topic yourself completely out of the blue and when i reply, you write who cares. if you didn't care, you wouldn't have talked about it in the first place you stupid cock. not caring about things isn't a good characteristic at all, when you get older you'll realise this. first you must learn to treat women and men equally, then you should move on to caring about things.

wHATcOLOR · 03-20-2007, 06:06 PM

ok well i cared to the extent that i bothered to write a reply in this thread instead of the appropriate one. aka, somewhat. then my level of caring plummeted when you used my reply as a soapbox to try to assert your masculinity by saying you tried to have sex with her friend and calling the girl so much more sensitive than you by comparison. who cares about that? not i.

03-20-2007, 04:43 PM	#1 (permalink)
kristin xp Minion of Satan Location: in nimrods heart Posts: 7,373	Light and matter united: manipulating light in a bose-einstein condensate http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/...08/99-hau.html so complicated! * * Search the Gazette Harvard shield Harvard University Gazette Harvard University Gazette * Harvard News Office \| Photo reprints \| Previous issues \| Contact us \| Circulation Published: February 7, 2007 News News, events, features Science/Research Latest scientific findings Profiles The people behind the university Community Harvard and neighbor communities Sports Scores, highlights, upcoming games On Campus Newsmakers, notes, students, police log Arts Museums, concerts, theater Calendar Two-week listing of upcoming events Subscribe xml button Gazette headlines delivered to your desktop HARVARD GAZETTE ARCHIVES Lene Hau Lene Hau explains how she stops light in one place then retrieves and speeds it up in a completely separate place. Staff photo Justin Ide/Harvard News Office Light and matter united Opens the way to new computers and communication systems By William J. Cromie Harvard News Office Lene Hau has already shaken scientists' beliefs about the nature of things. Albert Einstein and just about every other physicist insisted that light travels 186,000 miles a second in free space, and that it can't be speeded-up or slowed down. But in 1998, Hau, for the first time in history, slowed light to 38 miles an hour, about the speed of rush-hour traffic. • Video: Light and matter (2007) (1:52) • Video: Light stopper (2001) (2:52) • More multimedia Two years later, she brought light to a complete halt in a cloud of ultracold atoms. Next, she restarted the stalled light without changing any of its characteristics, and sent it on its way. These highly successful experiments brought her a tenured professorship at Harvard University and a $500,000 MacArthur Foundation award to spend as she pleased. Now Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and of Applied Physics, Hau has done it again. She and her team made a light pulse disappear from one cold cloud then retrieved it from another cloud nearby. In the process, light was converted into matter then back into light. For the first time in history, this gives science a way to control light with matter and vice versa. It's a thing that most scientists never thought was possible. Some colleagues had asked Hau, "Why try that experiment? It can't be done." In the experiment, a light pulse was slowed to bicycle speed by beaming it into a cold cloud of atoms. The light made a "fingerprint" of itself in the atoms before the experimenters turned it off. Then Hau and her assistants guided that fingerprint into a second clump of cold atoms. And get this - the clumps were not touching and no light passed between them. "The two atom clouds were separated and had never seen each other before," Hau notes. They were eight-thousandths of an inch apart, a relatively huge distance on the scale of atoms. The experimenters then nudged the second cloud of atoms with a laser beam, and the atomic imprint was revived as a light pulse. The revived light had all the characteristics present when it entered the first cloud of atomic matter, the same shape and wavelength. The restored light exited the cloud slowly then quickly sped up to its normal 186,000 miles a second. Communicating by light Light carries information, so think of information being manipulated in ways that have never before been possible. That information can be stored - put on a shelf, so to speak - retrieved at will, and converted back to light. The retrieved light would contain the same information as the original light, without so much as a period being lost. Or the information could be changed. "The light waves can be sculpted," is the way Hau puts it. "Then it can be passed on. We have already observed such re-sculpted light in our lab." A weird thing happens to the light as it enters the cold atomic cloud, called a Bose-Einstein condensate. It becomes squeezed into a space 50 million times smaller. Imagine a light beam 3,200 feet (one kilometer) long, loaded with information, that now is only a hair width in length but still encodes as much information. From there it becomes easier to imagine new types of computers and communications systems - smaller, faster, more reliable, and tamper-proof. Atoms at room temperature move in a random, chaotic way. But when chilled in a vacuum to about 460 degrees below zero Fahrenheit, under certain conditions millions of atoms lock together and behave as a single mass. When a laser beam enters such a condensate, the light leaves an imprint on a portion of the atoms. That imprint moves like a wave through the cloud and exits at a speed of about 700 feet per hour. This wave of matter will keep going and enter another nearby ultracold condensate. That's how light moves darkly from one cloud to another in Hau's laboratory. This invisible wave of matter keeps going unless it's stopped in the second cloud with another laser beam, after which it can be revived as light again. Atoms in matter waves exist in slightly different energy levels and states than atoms in the clouds they move through. These energy states match the shape and phase of the original light pulse. To make a long story short, information in this form can be made absolutely tamper proof. Personal information would be perfectly safe. Such a light-to-matter, matter-to-light system "is a wonderful thing to wrap your brain around," Hau muses. Details of the experiments appear as the cover story of the Feb. 8 issue of Nature. Authors of the report ******* graduate student Naomi Ginsberg, postdoctoral fellow Sean Garner, and Hau. In a practical manner You won't see a light-matter converter flashing away in a factory, business, or mall anytime soon. Despite all the intriguing possibilities, "there are no immediate practical uses," Hau admits. However, she has no doubt that practical systems will come. And when they do, they will look completely different from anything we are familiar with today. They won't need a lot of wires and electronics. "Instead of light shining through optical fibers into boxes full of wires and semiconductor chips, intact data, messages, and images will be read directly from the light," Hau imagines. Creating those ultracold atomic clouds in a factory, office, or recreation room will be a problem, but one she believes can be solved. "The atomic clouds we use in our lab are only a tenth of a millimeter (0.004 inch) long," she points out. "Such atom clouds can be kept in small containers, not all of the equipment has to be so cold. Most likely, a practical system designed by engineers will look totally unlike the setup we have in our lab today." There are no "maybes" in Hau's voice. She is coolly confident that light-to-matter communication networks, codes, clocks, and guidance systems can be made part of daily life. If you doubt her, remember she is the person who stopped light, converted it to matter, carried it around, and transformed it back to light. Copyright 2007 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

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03-20-2007, 04:49 PM	#2 (permalink)
wHATcOLOR THIS IS AWESOME!!!!!!!!!! Location: whip that's for stealing !! whip And that's for getting blood on my whip !!! \|\| MY NAME IS KIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIID ROCK!! Posts: 42,845	go ahead and model your boarding style after bluestar, that sounds like a winning strategy you motherfucker

03-20-2007, 04:50 PM	#3 (permalink)
kristin xp Minion of Satan Location: in nimrods heart Posts: 7,373

03-20-2007, 04:52 PM	#4 (permalink)
dean_r_koontz Apocalyptic Poster Posts: 9,491	light could already "control" matter through the photoelectric effect, or am i wrong physics guys?

03-20-2007, 04:53 PM	#5 (permalink)
kristin xp Minion of Satan Location: in nimrods heart Posts: 7,373	well i didn't know anything about it so i thought i'd post it here and get ridiculed

03-20-2007, 04:53 PM	#6 (permalink)
dean_r_koontz Apocalyptic Poster Posts: 9,491	and other mechanisms as well. i don't get that part.

03-20-2007, 04:55 PM	#7 (permalink)
dean_r_koontz Apocalyptic Poster Posts: 9,491	the slow down thing, is that the actual photon moving slower? that's pretty interesting. either way, it's hard to know if these things can actually be used in practice, the atoms probably have to be super cold to create that bose-einstein effect thing and how could you produce that in a clock? i don't know. are there any physics guys here?

03-20-2007, 04:56 PM	#8 (permalink)
GlasgowKiss Quaid Hates You Location: Hollywood Posts: 14,181	Kristin, in that article by free space do they mean vacuum or what?

03-20-2007, 05:03 PM	#9 (permalink)
diplodocus Ownz Location: evil girls fighting good girls turning good girls into evil girls. evil boys eating evil hamburgers evil boys eating evil fries. Posts: 811	is this your way of telling us you like....read books and stuff.

03-20-2007, 05:11 PM	#10 (permalink)
yo soy el mejor Immortal Location: IN THE ARMS OF RAMESH MACLEAN SRIVASTAVA. WARM. Posts: 25,956	i hate how it's necessary that these articles always end with these wild unlikely "practical" applications that prove theres going to be some immediate whopping payoff and that whatever work was done wasnt science for science's sake. is this to avoid setting their work at odds with the fragile identities of businessmen and leaders who are naturally morons? or are the scientists like this seeking some kind of rockstar attention from those who couldnt wrap their brains around the actual significance of whatever discovery?

03-20-2007, 05:12 PM	#11 (permalink)
kristin xp Minion of Satan Location: in nimrods heart Posts: 7,373	i think they mean regular air? since they are talking about atom clouds maybe they're talking about regular space without the vaccum...? vaccums are really hard to create!

03-20-2007, 05:15 PM	#13 (permalink)
kristin xp Minion of Satan Location: in nimrods heart Posts: 7,373	wow you're really tenacious today jesse. someone scuff your pumas?

03-20-2007, 05:17 PM	#14 (permalink)
wHATcOLOR THIS IS AWESOME!!!!!!!!!! Location: whip that's for stealing !! whip And that's for getting blood on my whip !!! \|\| MY NAME IS KIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIID ROCK!! Posts: 42,845	im not wearing pumas

03-20-2007, 05:19 PM	#16 (permalink)
kristin xp Minion of Satan Location: in nimrods heart Posts: 7,373	that was a chris rock reference.

03-20-2007, 05:20 PM	#18 (permalink)
kristin xp Minion of Satan Location: in nimrods heart Posts: 7,373	the funny thing is, jesse IS the type of guy that would go to jail or get in a fight over someone scuffing his shoes. in fact, i think he made a thread about it on here waaaay back when.

03-20-2007, 05:29 PM	#21 (permalink)
dean_r_koontz Apocalyptic Poster Posts: 9,491	1+2) you are whining (or critisizing her, the choice of wording doesn't matter much to me, i'm not crazy, like other people here) about kristin xp's stupidity, ie giving negative signals in this thread, discouraging her to post more of the same. 3) she's also a very sensitive person, i tried to have sex with her best friend once and it didn't work out and of course she heard about it and she knows i know she heard about it so it gets awkward and she is a sensitive flower and might not know how to treat me. ignore me? too rough, perhaps best to stay away alltogether. we're not like you, we are human beings. sensitive. ah physics.

03-20-2007, 05:30 PM	#22 (permalink)
dean_r_koontz Apocalyptic Poster Posts: 9,491	grr women makes me angry because they don't want to be my slaves. is that a problem you have as well whatcolor?

03-20-2007, 05:31 PM	#23 (permalink)
kristin xp Minion of Satan Location: in nimrods heart Posts: 7,373

03-20-2007, 05:32 PM	#24 (permalink)
kristin xp Minion of Satan Location: in nimrods heart Posts: 7,373	really i was hoping someone like devious J could come in here and draw out a diagram or a picture of how exactly this could have been set up in the lab. how are clouds of atoms that controllable! mind boggling!

03-20-2007, 05:43 PM	#25 (permalink)
GlasgowKiss Quaid Hates You Location: Hollywood Posts: 14,181	Ok free space is perfect vacuum.

03-20-2007, 05:47 PM	#26 (permalink)
yo soy el mejor Immortal Location: IN THE ARMS OF RAMESH MACLEAN SRIVASTAVA. WARM. Posts: 25,956	theres a dopey animation on her web page http://www.deas.harvard.edu/haulab/s...ival_movie.htm it doesnt really do much more than give a feel for what it will be like if you ever attend a lecture on the experiment and sleep through it all except the part where they break it down to "you understand basketball right? well its sort of like a game of basketball" terms

03-20-2007, 05:59 PM	#29 (permalink)
dean_r_koontz Apocalyptic Poster Posts: 9,491	ahaha, the 3) really shows what a dolt you are. you bring up the topic yourself completely out of the blue and when i reply, you write who cares. if you didn't care, you wouldn't have talked about it in the first place you stupid cock. not caring about things isn't a good characteristic at all, when you get older you'll realise this. first you must learn to treat women and men equally, then you should move on to caring about things.

03-20-2007, 06:06 PM	#30 (permalink)
wHATcOLOR THIS IS AWESOME!!!!!!!!!! Location: whip that's for stealing !! whip And that's for getting blood on my whip !!! \|\| MY NAME IS KIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIID ROCK!! Posts: 42,845	ok well i cared to the extent that i bothered to write a reply in this thread instead of the appropriate one. aka, somewhat. then my level of caring plummeted when you used my reply as a soapbox to try to assert your masculinity by saying you tried to have sex with her friend and calling the girl so much more sensitive than you by comparison. who cares about that? not i.